Personality Analysis on ‘The Breakfast Club’ Essay

Discharged in 1985 and coordinated by John Hughes ‘ The Breakfast Club’ is a film about young people that appear to be changed on a superficial level however come to find in any case . At the point when five understudies from various secondary school inner circles are compelled to spend their Saturday in detainment, the mind, competitor, maniac, princess and the criminal together are confronted with the topic of who they think they are. The five characters set aside the ir dissimilarities in help to endure the agonizing eight hour detainment and in the process they find they aren’t as unalike all things considered. The Breakfast Club is a n unsurpassed great film that depicts various individual and complex characters. It is obvious in the film that every young person has their own attributes and qualities because of different conditions, for example, ecological and parental impacts . The character center will be John Bender, the alleged ‘the criminal’ of the five adolescent s . Upon first look, Bender is by all accounts the normal secondary school ‘bad boy’ getting his situation in this particular confinement for pulling a bogus alarm . This gives watchers th e thought that his character does whatever he can for consideration. Drinking spree likewise tends to state and do things that will get a pessimistic response out of an individual, by insul chime and antagoni sing each character sooner or later in the film . By applying Maslow’s progressive system of necessities and B. F. Skinner’s hypothesis of character you ge t an increasingly intelligent mental comprehension of Bender’s character. Abraham Maslow built up his Hierarchy of Needs hypothesis in 1954 to support himself and other humanistic scholars to all the more likely comprehend what persuades individuals. Maslow accepted that individuals are spurred to fulfill explicit requirements, in saying this he made a five phase pyramid that delineates the request for significance of these particular needs. Maslow has proposed that o nce one need or classification is fulfilled and satisfied by individual they would then be able to proceed onward to satisfying the following need . (McLeod 2007) Figure 1 (Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs outline 1954) In this manner as indicated by Maslow; if an individual doesn't satisfy their essential physiological needs they lose inspiration to fulfill having a place and regard needs. At the point when this happens the individual feels a lack of engagement to mingle and make companions, normally driving in said individual to get impolite and rude of the sentiments of others and their assessment. (NetMBA 2010) Drinking spree is obviously depicted all through the film as an individual who has neglected to meet the initial two fundamental needs of the chain of command table; allude to figure 1 . In the film, when mid-day break is initiated it is indicated that Bender has accompanied no nourishment for lunch, while different characters have all got generous stuffed snacks. This could be delegated a sign that shows that Bender’s physiological requirements are not being satisfied. At the point when Bender pulls out a folding knife during a warmed conversation you get the possibility that Bender unmistakably doesn’t have a sense of security and that he needs a weapon as type of insurance, demonstrating that Bender is plainly deficient with regards to a conviction that all is good and wellbeing . Further development of the possibility that Bender doesn't have considerable or compensating home life takes course when Bender shows the gathering a scar on his fore arm, given to him by father as unimportant discipline for incidentally spilling paint in the carport. That being stated, it is seen all through the film that Bender is neglecting to sufficiently fulfill his physiological and wellbeing needs, leaving him impartial in satisfying social needs and ailing in confidence and regard. Bender’s absence of inspiration in mingling and making companions is the most predominant part of his ‘bad boy’ character, he continually affronts different characters in the film about things that really disturbed them - clearly driving them away. Drinking spree likewise experiences low confidence which is the reason he remunerates by putting on an extreme, ‘bad boy’ front. You see this through the manner by which he dresses, defies the Principals orders, continually challenge s another male character and furthermore in the manner that slights the school and its property. In conduct scholar B. F. Skinner’s viewpoint; a people character improvement is vigorously affected by their condition and related involvements (Sincero 2012) , he composed that ‘A individual doesn't follow up on theâ world, the work follows up on him’ (Skinner 1971) . Skinner recommended that the improvement of a people character is to a great extent dependant in transit in which noteworthy grown-ups in their lives would remunerate or rebuff then over the span of their youth. (Carter Grivas 2005, p. 407-408) Therefore, kids and youths raised by harsh and forceful guardians are increasingly disposed to likewise be come forceful and threatening towards peers. (Hellesvig-Gaskell n.d) All through The Breakfast Club (Hughes 1985) there are various scenes that express the contrary home life wherein Bender is being raised and how it is affecting his character. In a particular scene Bender mirrors a past warmed conversation among him and his dad and as per Bender his dad called him â€Å"stupid, useless, awful, goddamn, freeloading bastard. Hindered, enormous mouth, smarty pants, butt face, jerk† then Bender emulates getting punched in the face by his dad because of Bender fighting back. In a behaviorists point of view this would legitimize Drinking sprees forceful character and propensity to lash-out and affront different characters. When contrasting Bender with Brian Johnson; the character depicted as the ‘brain’ or the geek of the gathering, it is obvious that as consequence of perfect inverse home situations that Brian and Bender have e qually inverse characters. Brian’s family are appeared as over strong and pushy in his school work, yet still sympathetic. T his is all around represented again in the lunch scene of the film when Brian unloads his nutritious, home-made lunch , while Bender has been sent to class with nothing to eat. Brian’s character appears to be exceptionally meek and on edge, and not once all through the film does Brian fight back towards Bender when he acts in an antagonistic or barbarous way despite the fact that if the jobs were turned around and Brian was acting likewise toward Bender he w ould lash-out fiercely or give indications of hostility consequently , similarly as father would to him. By contrasting Brian’s character and Bender ‘s; you come to comprehend the effect an abusiveâ home situation and adverse parental impacts has on Bender’s character. Al t hough both Maslow’s and Skinner’s hypotheses o f character aid better comprehension Bender’s character; the two scholars have are completely inverse viewpoints on character and how it is created. Behaviorists accept that character is controlled by condition and the manner in which an individual responds to various upgrades (Sternburg 1995, p.589), while Humanistic speculations express that character is a cognizant and free decision for the person to control. (Coon 1998, p.543) Behaviorist s additionally express that character is inspired by a wide range of drives, while Humanists imagine that character is persuaded by the need to satisfy self-actualisation. Taking everything into account, the use of Maslow’s humanistic viewpoint and Skinner’s conduct ist sees help to comprehend Bender’s character productively. Disposing of the point that the two scholars totally negate each other the two of them give a more profound clarification into why Bender decides to be annoying and why he needs enthusiasm for making companions, alongside defending Bender’s wrath and animosity battles. Generally speaking humanist and behaviorist speculations on character aid the way toward comprehension and assessing the character that makes John Bender of The Breakfast Club. (Hughes 1985) Book reference- Coon, D 1998, Introduction to Psychology Exploration and Application , Brooks/Cole Publishing Company , California, United States of America. Grivas, J, Carter, L 2005, Psychology VCE Units 1 and 2 , John Wiley and Sons Australia , Queensland, Australia. Hellesvig-Gaskell, K n.d, Parental Influence on Personality , Viewed 12 th March 2014, http://everydaylife.globalpost.com/parental-impact character 5605.html McLeod, S 2007, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs , Viewed 12 th March 2014, http://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html n.a, 2010, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Viewed 12 th March 2014, http://www.netmba.com/mgmt/ob/inspiration/maslow/ Sincero, S 2012, Behaviorists Theories of Personality, Viewed on 12 th March 2014, http://explorable.com/behaviorist-speculations of-character Skinner, B 1971, Beyond Freedom and Dignity , Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. Indianapolis, Indian, United States of America. Sternberg, R 1995, In Search of the Human Mind , Earl McPeek , Orlando, United States of America. Van Lersel, H, Bradley, K, Clarke, V, Coon, Koerner, J, Montalto, S, Rossborough, A, Spackman-Williams, M, Stone, A 2005, Nelson Psychology VCE Units 1 and 2 , Nelson, Southbank, Victoria.

How Has Huck Changed Essay

In the first place novel, Huck battles against society and its endeavors to humanize himself, which was spoken to by the Widow Douglas, Miss Watson, and different grown-ups. Afterward, this contention acquires center in Huck’s dealings with Jim, as Huck must conclude whether to turn Jim in, as society requests, or to secure and help his companion. The most critical manner by which Huck changes his mentality is with Jim, by aside from him as an individual. Towards the finish of part 15, Huck pulls a prank on Jim when they got isolated in the mist. Huck attempts to persuade Jim that he’s been drinking since when they found one another, Huck clarifies he’s never gone anyplace, he’s been close by the entire time. At that point Huck goes off saying, â€Å"Well, this is an excessive number of for me, Jim. I hain’t see haze, nor no islands nor no troubles†¦ You couldn’t ‘a’ become inebriated in that time, so obviously you’ve been dreaming.† (84) Jim now is befuddled in light of the fact that how might he dream all that in a short time. Later on, as Huck understands that deceiving Jim about that entire episode wasn't right of him, he is sorry to him. It was a significant thing for a white individual to apologize to a dark individual in that time so it show that he is developing feelings towards Jim. He understands why lie to him whenever minorities individuals get exploited constantly, Huck didn’t need to be one of those white individuals who did. Increasingly significant, he inevitably assumes responsibility and comes clean regardless of what the result is, and has transformed from an adolescent kid who doesn’t care on the off chance that others are deceived, to a progressively cultivated kid who secures guiltless individuals.

Top 3 Misconceptions About Stress Management

Top 3 Misconceptions About Stress Management Stress Management Print Top 3 Misconceptions About Stress Management By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on July 29, 2019 OJO Images/Getty Images More in Stress Management Effects on Health Management Techniques Situational Stress Job Stress Household Stress Relationship Stress Stress is a universal experience â€" an unavoidable part of being human â€" but too much-unmanaged stress can take a heavy toll on health and wellbeing. Stress levels are rising in recent years, and an effective method of stress management is becoming a must for most people. Being bright, health-conscious people, many of us are learning more about stress and how to effectively manage it. However, certain misconceptions about stress and stress management still persist, and these misconceptions tend to negatively impact many people’s ability to relieve stress in their lives. The following are some of the most common â€" and most damaging â€" stress-related misconceptions I hear. Stress Management Is All About Eliminating Stress From Your Life Many, if not most, of the people I talk to about stress, tend to think that stress management is tantamount to cutting out everything in life that brings stress. Yes, this is an important aspect of stress management, but no, this is not the entire goal. The truth is that it would be neither possible nor desirable to eliminate all stress from one’s life. For one thing, we need at least some stress in our lives in order to optimally function; we need a challenge in order to grow. Also, there is a subtype of the stressor (known as eustress) that is actually beneficial for your health and vitality, provided you do not experience excessive doses of it. Finally, it would not be possible to cut out all stress, and you would likely create more stress for yourself if you tried! Why This Misconception Is Damaging: If you believe that cutting out all stress is the goal, you will miss out of the benefits of other forms of stress management. You may also create higher levels of stress for yourself in working toward a goal that is impossible to reach. A Better Approach: It is healthier to accept that stress is a part of life, and then work to eliminate what you can and develop strategies to manage the stressors you cannot eliminate from your life. With the Right Attitude, You Never Need to Feel Stressed Many people believe that the right attitude is the only difference between a stressed person and a serene one. There is a fair number of books and experts who support this idea. Don’t get me wrongâ€"a shift in attitude can make a very significant difference in stress levels. However, too much stress does take a toll, even if it is experienced as “challenging” rather than “threatening, even if you approach it head-on and overcome it, even if you have the best attitude in the world and experience the situation as a positive one. If your situation requires a response and it takes any effort to maintain emotional equilibrium (if you are aware that you are facing a challenge), the stress does still take a toll, though not necessarily to the same degree. Why This Misconception Is Damaging: People may mistakenly believe that if they just had a better attitude, none of the challenging experiences they face could make an impact, therefore, they aren’t working hard  enough to stay positive; this belief can lead to negative self-assessment. They might also fail to recognize and manage the effects of stress they are under (until the damage is already done) if they don’t experience themselves as “stressed. A Better Approach: Still work on maintaining a positive attitude and thinking about your life in a strengths-based way. But remember that even too much of the good-for-you kind of stress can take a physical toll, and take extra care of your body when you are facing challenges in lifeâ€"even if you don’t “feel” stressed. Just Learn the Right Techniques and Your Stress Will Be Gone Stress management techniques like exercise, meditation, and positive thinking can minimize your experience of stress and create resilience toward stress as well. However, no technique can completely eliminate the stress you may experience in life. Why This Misconception Is Damaging: If people expect any stress management technique to eliminate all stress, or even work well in every circumstance, they may decide that the technique is just not working for them and give up. They might also think there is something “wrong” with them that they still feel stressed, and become discouragedâ€"and even more stressed. A Better Approach: Bear in mind that all stress cannot be eliminated, even with the best techniques â€" and this is okay. (Remember what we were talking about earlier, about how you need some stress in your life to remain healthy and happy?) Keep in mind that stress management is about maintaining equilibrium â€" handling what comes along and getting to a place where you are doing what needs to be done and at peace with it. Stressors may temporarily throw you off-balance a bit, but stress relief techniques are there to help you get back to a place of feeling calm and balanced again; the key thing to remember is that it sometimes requires a little work to get back in balance after a stressor hits, particularly if it’s something big like the end of a relationship, the loss of a job, a major illness, or a death in the family. Some stressors are inevitable, and stress management techniques cannot prevent this, but they can help us to better cope. An important final note is that stress management techniques can be wonderfully effective, but they need to be practiced in order to be helpful â€" you cannot take a class in meditation, for example, and then reap the rewards for the rest of your life without actually practicing meditation regularly. Likewise is true with exercise, visualizations, breathing exercises, and other effective techniques. They can bring resilience toward stress, but they do not entirely block out all the negative effects of stress. (Still, these stress management techniques bring enough benefits that it really is worth practicing them as regularly as you are able to.) The right techniques can help, but they do not stop all stress, and they need to be practiced regularly.

Inventing Play-Doh Noah and Joseph McVicker

If you were a kid growing up any time between the mid-1950s and today, you probably  know what Play-Doh is. You can most likely even conjure the bright colors and distinctive smell right from memory. It sure is an odd substance, and thats probably because it was originally invented by  Noah McVicker as a compound to clean wallpaper. Coal Dust Cleaner In the early 1930s, Noah McVicker was working for the  Cinncinati-based soap manufacturer Kutol Products, which  was asked by Kroger Grocery to develop something that would clean coal residue from wallpaper. But after World War II, manufacturers introduced a washable vinyl wallpaper to the market. Sales of the cleaning putty dropped, and Kutol started concentrating on liquid soaps. McVickers Nephew Has an Idea In the late 1950s, Noah McVickers nephew Joseph McVicker (who also worked for Kutol)  received a call from his sister-in-law,  nursery school teacher Kay Zufall, who had recently read a  newspaper article explaining how children were  making art projects with the wallpaper cleaning putty. She urged Noah and Joseph to manufacture and market the compound as a toy putty for children. A Pliable Toy According to the website for the toy company  Hasbro, which owns Play-Doh, in 1956 the McVickers established the Rainbow Crafts Company in Cincinnati to manufacture and sell the putty, which Joseph named Play-Doh. It was first demonstrated and sold a year later, in the toy department of Woodward Lothrop Department Store in Washington, D.C. The first Play-Doh Compound came only in an off-white, one-and-a-half-pound can, but by 1957, the company introduced the distinctive red, yellow, and blue colors. Noah McVicker and Joseph McVicker were finally granted their patent (U.S. Patent No. 3,167,440) in 1965, 10 years after Play-Doh was first introduced. The formula remains a trade secret to this day, with Hasbro admitting only that it remains primarily a water-, salt-, and flour-based product. Although non-toxic, it should not be eaten. Play-Doh Trademarks The original Play-Doh logo, comprised of the words in white script inside a red trefoil-shaped graphic, has changed little over the years. At one point it  was accompanied by an elf mascot, which was replaced in 1960 by Play-Doh Pete, a boy wearing a beret. Pete was eventually joined by a series of cartoon-like animals. In 2011, Hasbro introduced the talking Play-Doh cans, the official mascots featured on the products cans and boxes. Along with the putty itself, now available in an array of bright colors, parents can also purchase kits featuring a series of extruders, stamps, and molds. Play-Doh Changes Hands In 1965, the McVickers sold Rainbow Crafts Company to General Mills, who merged it with Kenner Products in 1971. They in turn were folded into the Tonka Corporation in 1989, and two years later, Hasbro bought the Tonka Corporation and transferred Play-Doh to its Playskool division. Fun Facts To date, over seven hundred million pounds of Play-Doh have been sold. So distinctive is its smell, that Demeter Fragrance Library commemorated the toys 50th anniversary by creating a limited-edition perfume  for highly-creative people, who seek a whimsical scent reminiscent of their childhood.  The toy even has its own commemorative day, National Play-Doh Day, on September 18.

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Literary Analysis

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Literary Analysis The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain has been banned from many schools and public libraries due to the use of racial slurs. Although these slurs are frowned upon now, they were a normal part of the society shaped Huckleberry (Huck) Finns life. The world Huck Finn grew up in is before the abolition of slavery. This is when the states is begun to separate, but the civil war is not yet stirring. Huckleberry’s life was influenced by his small town of St. Petersburg, the time period he lived in, and certain people. Huckleberry’s life is changed and influenced by Tom Sawyer, the widow, his father, Miss Watson, and Jim. Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry’s best friend, is a wild imagination often caused trouble for him and others. Throughout the book, Huck questions what he is doing, and wonders if Tom would do the same. He almost always decides Tom would agree with his decisions and be on his side. When Huck’s life completely turns around, he receives thousands of dollars and a place to stay with a widow from town. The widow and her sister, Miss Watson, transform Huck from a homeless boy into a civilized young man. They introduce him into the civilized world and teach him about religion. He is sent to school, and taught manners. Miss Watson tells him about the â€Å"good place† and the â€Å"bad place†. His introduction to religion creates an internal struggle between right and wrong. Throughout the book, he constantly thinks of MissShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay1100 Words   |  5 PagesLiterary Analysis of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn In Huckleberry Finn there are several themes. There are themes of racism and slavery, civilized society, survival, water imagery, and the one I will be discussing, superstition ( SparkNotes Editors). Superstition is a belief or practice resulting from ignorance, fear of the unknown, trust in magic or chance, or a false conception of causation (â€Å"Merriam-Webster†). Superstition was a very popular theme in Huckleberry Finn thatRead MoreLiterary Analysis: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay1756 Words   |  8 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn â€Å"Persons attempting to find a motive in this narrative will be prosecuted; persons attempting to find a moral in it will be banished; persons attempting to find a plot in it will be shot.† (Twain, ix) Mark Twain opens his book with a personal notice, abstract from the storyline, to discourage the reader from looking for depth in his words. This severe yet humorous personal caution is written as such almost to dissuade his readers from having any high expectationsRead MoreAnalysis of Literary Techniques For The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain982 Words   |  4 Pages In The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn, Twain paints a colorful portrait of his life growing up in the south. Originally intended to be just a â€Å"fun† narrative about his childhood, Twain’s novel evolved into something much greater by criticising slavery and advocating for the rights of african-americans. The themes that the book represents were revolutionary in their time, s omething only accomplished through the narratives of Twain. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is aptly named due to it’s perspectivesRead MoreThe relation of form to content in Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1097 Words   |  4 PagesIn discussing the structure and substance of a novel, one would be remiss not to explore the narrative strategies through which its story is told. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884) is autobiographic, ensuring a valuable narrative unity; each scene is delivered as-is rather than being described into fruition. It is a tale of boyish adventure floating along the Mississippi told as it would have appeared to the boy himself. Thus, the novel ascribes to one of several contrasting aesthetics foundRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1854 Words   |  8 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is a one of a kind novel. The novel has been debated as controversial since it has been published in 1986. It has been considered racist, due to the â€Å"n† word. In its earlier days, racist people felt this book was a disgrace, because of the mingling of the two main characters. Among all of the negative comments, this book is truly a masterpiece. It is an unforgettable and enjoyable book for everyone to learn and scrutinize; it contains a multitude ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn 1679 Words   |  7 Pages1. Analysis of an Important Character Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a story about growing up, facing the world, and fighting for what’s right. Huckleberry Finn matures greatly throughout the book, and Tom Sawyer plays an important role in showing this change. His character allows the reader to see Huck’s increase in maturity throughout the story. Tom is the constant, his immaturity not changing from the beginning to the end of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, while Huck is the changing variableRead MoreThe American Concept Of Self Creation1647 Words   |  7 Pagesindividual assuming a new identity to avoid danger or ridding themselves of a past life, are two examples of the literary concept of Self-Creation. In Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, we see the main character undergo several examples of â€Å"self-creation† during the course of the story for various motivations including those mentioned above. Throughout Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the main character changes in identity for several reasons to include those in which he protects himself andRead More Huck Finn Essay900 Words   |  4 Pages Tim Lively Critical Analysis: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Setting: Late 1800’s along the Mississippi River Plot: When the book begins, the main character, Huck Finn possesses a large sum of money. This causes his delinquent lifestyle to change drastically. Huck gets an education, and a home to live in with a caring elderly woman (the widow). One would think that Huck would be satisfied. Well, he wasn’t. He wanted his own lifestyle back. Huck’s drunkard father (pap), who had previouslyRead MoreAnalysis Of Mark Twain s Works Made A Huge Impact On Readers And Literary Critics1288 Words   |  6 Pages2/26/17 P:2 Outline Mark Twain’s works made a huge impact on readers and literary critics. His writing occurred during both the romantic and realist time eras in American Literature. He has simple, seemingly artless narrators and an understated style leads readers to arrive at the social commentary of his narratives on their own. Mark Twain’s writing influenced society because he created a new perspective on life with the views pointed out in his books. The distinctive trait of Twain s was hisRead MoreThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay739 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain â€Å"When a true genius appears in the world, you may know him by this sign, that the dunces are all in confederacy against him.† - Jonathan Swift â€Å"Thoughts on Various Subjects, Moral and Diverting† In some works of literature, the main character often finds himself or herself in conflict with the social or moral values of his environment. Choose one novel or play of literary merit in which the character is at odds with the people around him or her

Martin Luther King Junior is a giant in American History Free Essays

string(101) " of 1963 did not just talk about an idealistic hope of the future but also dealt in some hard facts\." Martin Luther King Junior is a giant in American History. He was a famous leader within the American Civil Rights movement of the 1950’s and 1960’s and helped lead the way for many improvements for African Americans as they sought to realize their human and civil rights which were guaranteed them under the Constitution of the United States. In trying to secure his civil rights and the rights of all peoples of the United States, he succeeded where other factional parties failed. We will write a custom essay sample on Martin Luther King Junior is a giant in American History or any similar topic only for you Order Now    While the Black Panthers, Marcus Garvey and Malcolm X preached separatism and sometimes hate, Martin Luther King, building upon the teachings of Jesus Christ and his own background as a Baptist minister, taught love and to turn the other cheek, but at the same time, never giving up on what they knew to be right. Martin Luther King’s political life began in 1955 with his leadership in the Montgomery Bus Boycott. On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to comply with the Jim Crow law which prohibited blacks from sitting anywhere on a bus other than in the back. Also, within these Kim Crow laws, an African American would be forced to give up that seat to a white man if there was limited room on the bus. The Montgomery Bus Boycott soon followed. Incidentally, earlier that year, the same thing had happened to a 15 year old girl named Claudette Colvin but King was not prompted to get involved in this case, instead opting to concentrate on the running of his church. But this time, King felt that it was necessary to take a stand. And a stand would be required. The bus system was patronized by African Americans to a great degree. And with there being no set date on when the boycott would end and if it would be successful at all, a great sacrifice was going to have to be made. The boycott ended up lasting 382 days.[1] It was only then that the bus system of Montgomery, almost bankrupt by their sharp decline in revenue, decided to integrate all of their buses. The boycott had become a success and with it, the name of Martin Luther King had become a household name within the African American community. Dr. King was also instrumental in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference or the SDLC. This group, popular among both white and black college students, harnessed the moral authority and organized black churches to conduct non-violent protests in the service of civil rights reform. The key to this method was the use of non violence. Dr. King was always insistent on this tactic be kept as central to their methods. The main target of these non violent protests was the Jim Crow laws which had attempted to keep African Americans in a quasi state of slavery after the Civil War and which had been very hesitant to yield any power over o the black community within the Southern States. Dr. King also knew that these methods, especially on a large scale, would yield a fair amount of press coverage which would work in their favor within the country as a whole. Newspaper, radio and television accounts of the deprivations and inequalities suffered by African Americans helped to shed light on a subject that a good portion of the white community was not fully aware of and needed to be reminded if they were ever going to get involved themselves or at the very least, be sympathetic about the cause. This involvement hit its peak on an August day in 1963 when it was later estimated at over 250,000 people came to march on Washington.[2] The main speaker of the day was Martin Luther King Junior in what contemporary historians have finally come to recognize as one of the most important speeches in not only American History but also world history as his words that day have been quoted by leaders of any country or group that have sought to secure their civil rights. In that speech, Dr. King spoke on the need for people to be judged on the content of their character and not on the color of their skin. As it was too often the case, African Americans would be met with a great deal of assumptions about every aspect of their life by white people who had never really known a   black person and therefore, their judgment was based upon ignorance rather than on facts. Dr. King wished to change this impediment into successful race relations and harmony among all of God’s peoples on this earth. The title of the speech was â€Å"I Have a Dream.† It was a theme that he had spoke on before. He never said it better than on that day. It was the realization that proper race relations could be realized in the future if people came to the realization that they could work together, play together, cry together and pray together and that each person had similar wants and dreams within their own life and for the life of their children. It was this speech, along with his efforts to pass the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act, the most important civil rights bill in a hundred years, since the passage of the 13th amendment, ending slavery in the United States.[3] These rights helped to close the gap between what was promised to African Americans and the rights that they actually received. Chief among them: the right to vote which ha d been greatly curtailed with the implementation of the oppressive Jim Crow laws. Civil rights for any people cannot be discussed when there is a major difference in the amount of monetary compensation that one receives which is much less than is paid out to somebody of another race. The march on Washington in August of 1963 did not just talk about an idealistic hope of the future but also dealt in some hard facts. You read "Martin Luther King Junior is a giant in American History" in category "Essay examples" Within that speech, were a number of specific demands. One of these demands called for the end of racial discrimination in employment.[4] There was no affirmative action and employers were not pressured to hire African Americans, let alone hire African Americans because they felt that the individual was the most qualified. If the hiring was against the wishes of the employer or if he thought that such a hiring would decreased his business by inciting reprisal from his area, the African American would not be employed. This kept the possibility of African Americans pulling themselves out of poverty and menial jobs, to a minimum and frustration to a maximum. The SDLC was instrumental in setting up protests in the city of New York with signs that read â€Å"Don’t buy where you can’t work.†[5] If there were not laws that helped end employment discrimination, then the next logical step was to his these businesses, King thought, in the pocket book as was done during the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Economic problems for the African American was a source of concern for Dr. King and many of his speeches are concerning this. King had read Karl Marx while at college and while he could not support the link to atheism that communism has, he rejected traditional capitalism and sometimes, spoke of his support for a democratic form of socialism. The distribution of wealth for the African American was definitely an impediment to their success. Dr. King spoke to this problem: You can’t talk about solving the economic problem of the Negro without talking about billions of dollars. You can’t talk about the ending of the slums without first saying profit must be taken out of the slums. You’re really tampering and getting on dangerous ground because you are messing with folk then. You are messing with captains of industry†¦ Now this means that we are treading in difficult water, because it really means that we are saying that something is wrong with capitalism†¦ There must be a better distribution of wealth and maybe America must move toward a democratic socialism.†[6]   Dr. King often said that the United States was on the wrong side of revolution in the world. The United States would support the revolt of â€Å"the shirtless and barefoot people† of the world but seemed to turn a blind eye towards the problems that a large segment of their own population was enduring right here in America. Economic problems for the African American, Dr. King recognized, was at the center of the frustration that black people felt and the dis illusion that they felt in America’s democratic and economic success. This press towards economic equality was part of Dr. King’s passion until the end of his life. Dr. King also pushed for the passage of what was known as the Poor People’s Bill of Rights. This called for a massive increase in government jobs programs which would be designed to rebuild America’s inner cities and to finally do away with the slums of America which were serving as an impediment to the success of the African American as it could only breed more poverty as well as disunion within one’s own country.[7] Dr. King saw the need as well, to confront Congress’ hostility to the poor and the fact that billions of dollars were being spent to fund the war in Vietnam but only a small percentage of that money was actually being used to rebuild the infrastructure of cities right here in America. King saw a vision for change that engulfed many aspects of life and sources of trouble and pain for the African America. Poverty, racism, the government’ s importance on militarism and materialism as well as the need to reconstruct society were all passions of Dr. King which he felt was worthy enough of becoming his life work. Dr. King was a man who became famous and more importantly influential, because of his mind and heart acting as one. There have been smarter people that Dr. King but none have been as affective because they could spark the passions of a country in the way that Dr. King did. Dr. King was the recipient of the 1964 Nobel Peace Award to which he told his friends and family, he was mot proud of receiving this award. He also won the 1965 American Jewish Committee award for exceptional advancement of the principle of human liberty. Dr. King was not the first person to recognize the inequality that was present in the lives of African Americans but there were none that put that pain into the series of effective sentences and themes to which he was able to formulate. This takes a mind that is able to encompass a wide range of ideas and theories. Dr. King took his inspiration from the Bible and the teachings of Jesus as he was a Baptist preacher before he was a civil rights leader. But he also read Marx and was inspired by the non violence tactics of Handy as he led India against British colonist in the 1940’s. This makes an intellectual: â€Å"one who gathers among himself, a wide range of ideals and motivations and through a careful study of a specific problem, learns to use what he will to his advantage and the advantage of his people for the greater good of society.†[8] The Black Panthers certainly didn’t do this and Malcolm X did to a degree but not in the way and not to the degree that Martin Luther King did. And that made all the difference. King also received a long list of other prestigious awards. In 1971, he won a Grammy for the Best Spoken Word in Why I Oppose Vietnam and was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He is also the author of a number of important and influential books as well which he wrote during his time as the leader of the American Civil Rights Movement. Some of these were The Stride Toward Freedom (1958) which detailed the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Where do we go from here: Chaos or Community? (1967) This book answered some his critics, including influential Black Panther leader Hoagie Carmichael, in why violent tactics in the attempt to gain civil rights would only lead to chaos and a step back within the civil rights movement. However, in later years, his intellectual skills within his writings and books have come under scrutiny. Beginning in the 1980’s, questions were being raised as to the authenticity of King’s writings as there was suspicion of plagiarism within some of his speeches. Even his doctrinal dissertation which he wrote while attending Boston University was examined and it was asserted that a sizable portion of his writings (25%) had under them a suspicion of plagiarism. University officials within Boston College came to that conclusion after a lengthy investigation. It was also recognized that Dr. King got his material from a number of black as well as white preachers on the radio and was accused of passing of those words and ideas as his own. But it has also been pointed out that within African American folk preaching and the oral traditions, that often times the ideas of one are fine tuned and changed slightly in order to fit the audience to which Dr. King was speaking. Despite Boston University’s own opinion about these speeches, Dr. King’s degree was not revoked because the officials still believed that the speeches still made an important contribution to the academic world. Dr. King was an intellectual but also a man of the people. Dr. King had a keen understanding of the plight of the African America because he was black, but more importantly he was able to transpose himself into the life and troubles of a garbage worker in Memphis or an elderly lady going home after a hard day at work and simply not wanting to give up her seat to a man simply because he is white. Even with all of the awards that he won and the books that he wrote, this still remained the case until his death in 1968. Dr.   King, by the very nature of his work, was a man that possessed a great social consciousness. Always on the side of the oppressed, Dr. King still continued to recognize the importance of continuing his stance on non violence in order to obtain civil rights for African Americans. This, along with his superior ability as an orator, helped to make him so effective. He knew that he would never be taken seriously and his message would never be able to resonate within the white majority of he had preached separatism or the idea that all white people were devils as Malcolm X did for a good portion of his time as the leader of the Nation of Islam. King knew, and genuinely felt, that it was not the race of an individual but rather racism discrimination and inner prejudice which served as the chief impediment towards one being able to love and respect their fellow human being. Setting the civil rights problem as a moral issue, was able to resonate among many more people than if he had listened to the Black Panthers or angry Africa American young people who chided him for what was seen as he weakness of non violence. Due to this, many young people as well as students, professors and others who perhaps had never before been motivated to take a stand for anything before in their lives, flocked to King’s speeches, protests and marches. This is the work of a man who knew how to use the crowd and their underlining sense of morality, to aid in the securing of civil rights for all peoples within America. The Civil Rights Movement centered on the social injustices that many African Americans were facing in every pocket of the Unit ed States. But it would also be Dr. King’s feelings on Vietnam that would prompt him to alienate himself from a large majority, the silent majority† as President Nixon labeled them, that was in support of the War in Vietnam and therefore, against the harsh criticism that Dr. King levied against the government’s role in that conflict. To be socially conscious does not necessarily mean that one is only aware of what is happening within one’s own town, state or country but the injustice that are occurring anywhere in the world. Not since The Civil War has a conflict polarized the country to the degree that The Vietnam War was able to place upon the country. â€Å"And by 1965, Dr. King was vocal in his opposition to the war and America’s heavy involvement in that conflict in which he saw thousands of poor African Americans, unable to secure a seat in a college university and escape the draft, be sent to the front lines and fight and die for a country that has trea ted them often times, as second class citizens.†[9] This at a time when billions of dollars are being spent to fund this war, when Dr. King saw dozens of other more worthy projects in which the money could be spent to better the lives of not only African Americans but poor whites and Latinos within America’s poorest cities. And Dr. King was all to aware of the fact that these poor cities and the lack of opportunities for the above mentioned only breeds frustration which often times lead to crime and a cyclical effect upon the next generation is often times too strong to avoid. It is this level of social consciousness that helped endear Dr. King to the masses of African Americans, not only during his short time as leader of the civil rights movement but which continues to this day as well. He often times makes the list of the most important and revered figures in American history. His ability of being consciousness of the social ills that befell many African Americans and being able to put those struggles into words is one of hi s most enduring qualities. Dr. King was so effective a leader of the civil rights movement because he was a great orator. If the masses, both then and now were not inspired by his speeches and written word, Dr. King would have become as successful at Ralph Abernathy or Jesse Jackson. Anyone in a leadership position at such a crucial time within the civil rights movement would have gained some degree of recognition but Dr. King would never have reaches the level of greatness that he did if we was a poor orator or writer. His Letter from a Birmingham Jail   as well as his I Have a Dream Speech† are seen as masterpieces to be studied in history as well as political science and English classes all over America and the world. The success of his academic works comes from the fact that he writes and speaks with such passion, During his I Have a Dream Speech, King knew exactly the right time to increase the volume of his diction and when to speak in a calm yet assertive way. If he had shouted the entire speech or had given a meeker version of the speech, it still would have been regarded as important but it could never have risen to the level of greatness which that speech has enjoyed these past forty years. His text as well as his diction and delivery were all flawless. Great orators are also great writers on many occasions. Both Abraham Lincoln and Winston Churchill were methodical in the preparation of their speeches and would practice each speech numerous times as they debated over each and every word within their speech.[10] This was the case with Dr. King. Each speech, especially his I Have a Dream Speech as well as his acceptance speech at the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony, had within its pages, every word in its specific order, the way in which Dr. King felt his messages would be most effectively portrayed to his audience. And also, speeches whose contents were not practiced to the same degree and repetition are also wonderful as well because Dr. King spoke from the heart, from his experiences and he knew his crowd. This was never seen better than in the last speech he would ever make. On April 3rd, 1968 at Mason Temple, King have a prophetic speech: it doesn’t really matter to me now†¦.Like anybody, I would like to live a long life. Longevity has its place, but I’m not concerned about that now. I just want to do God’s will. And he’s allowed me to go to the mountain! And I’ve looked over, and I’ve seen the Promised Land. I may not get there with you. But I want you to know tonight, that we, as a people, will get to the Promised Land. And so I’m happy tonight. I’m not worried about anything. I’m not fearing any man. My eyes have seen the Glory of the coming of the Lord†[11] Such a speech, if anyone has had the pleasure to view it, cannot help but be moved. But the fact that Dr. King was assassinated the very next day, makes the speech that night as well as what makes up the body of his works, that much more important to be saved and remembered. Dr. Martin Luther King Junior was an essential figure in American History and specifically, the Civil Rights Movement. His speeches have been repeated by every leader of every   movement that has sought to secure for its people, equal rights and equal treatment under the law. His importance cannot be underestimated as he took his political, social, economic, intellectual and artistic understandings and molded them together to form a man who was aware of the plight of the poor and oppressed and was able to capture that pain and put it into words in order than the nation as a whole might understand that pain, in a more real, human and affective way than perhaps anyone in American history. And those are the reasons why Dr. Martin Luther King Junior is the great man that he was and which makes him motivate people forty years after his premature death. WORKS CITED Burns, Ken. New York. Boston: PBS Video 1999. Beltry, Mark . The March on Washington. Chicago: Life Magazine. August 30, 1963   p. 24-28 Gordon, Terrance  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Life of Martin Luther King. Chicago: Life Magazine.   April 8, 1968   p. 16-22. McMillian, Joan.   Martin Luther King.: I Have a Dream.   Sacramento: School House Educational Films 197 [1] McMillian, Joan.   Martin Luther King.: I Have a Dream.   Sacramento: School House Educational Films 1971. [2] Beltry, Mark . The March on Washington. Chicago: Life Magazine. August 30, 1963   p. 24-28 [3] McMillian, Joan.   Martin Luther King.: I Have a Dream.   Sacramento: School House Educational Films 1971. [4] Beltry, Mark . The March on Washington. Chicago: Life Magazine. August 30, 1963   p. 24-28 [5] Burns, Ken. New York. Boston: PBS Video 1999. [6] McMillian, Joan.   Martin Luther King.: I Have a Dream.   Sacramento: School House Educational Films 1971 [7] Ibid. [8] Gordon, Terrance  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Life of Martin Luther King. Chicago: Life Magazine.   April 8, 1968   p. 16-22. [9] Gordon, Terrance  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Life of Martin Luther King. Chicago: Life Magazine.   April 8, 1968   p. 16-22. [10] Manchester, William. The Last Lion.   Harper Collins.   New York, 1988. [11] Gordon, Terrance  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Life of Martin Luther King. Chicago: Life Magazine.   April 8, 1968   p. 16-22. How to cite Martin Luther King Junior is a giant in American History, Essay examples

New Media and Political Communication

Abstract Media refers to the use of various apparatus as a means of information delivery from the source to the recipients. It is a broad field categorized into social media, broadcast, electronic and digital media. In the 20th century, politicians used their power and wealth to acquire the government positions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on New Media and Political Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The new mass media techniques such as the internet, mobile phones and other forms came into place in the early 1990’s. Communication in the political aspect concentrates on the media, politicians and the voters. Politics has turned into mass media techniques, whereby huge number of people can access the same information simultaneously. This has been done by the use of social and broadcast media. The internet is a common means of communication among people irrespective of their age. It was recorded that, in the year 2002, magazines played the least role in the transfer of political information to the population, which is still a fact as at now. Television media has proved to be the most reliable form of mass media due to its leading position with an average of 67% for the past ten years. In 2002, internet use, as a means of political communication, recorded 7% and in 2010, it improved to 24%. Mobile phone is commonly utilized in word of mouth communication as well as the use of text messages to deliver the political interests of various campaigners. In the year 2010, more than half of the American citizens were online political users. This comprised of over 50% of the United States adults. 70% of these adult internet users went online to retrieve information on the mid-term elections of 2010. The number of Americans, who used the internet campaign news as their source of information regarding the 2010 elections, is over 24%. The midterm election has also attracted many who us e internet. The social networks that are widely involved include twitter and face book. At least a fifth of online adults used these social networks to obtain political information (Davis, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Political communication has been affected heavily by this media technology. This has enabled faster transfer of data worldwide, thus ensuring that citizens both in and out of the nation are adequately accessing political information. In the United States, for example, President Barack Obama effectively used social media for a great victory. The use of new media has enabled the political candidates to have a direct relationship with the potential voters. The voters are able to inform the political aspirants of their interests and the changes most preferable to them. The political candidates thus have clear directions as to which issues are most press ing to the citizens. This has been seen to promote democracy and harmony amongst the citizens of a nation. The candidate manifesto is also changed to suit the majority of the citizens since it’s a people generated blue print. Democracy is developed effectively and every supporter of a particular candidate will view him/herself as a key role to play towards winning the elections. This is all attributed to the use of the new media in politics (Voltmer, 2006). The use of mobile phones, websites and social media has led to breaching of original information. This is because it is possible to manipulate information since everyone is a sender and receiver of the same. Civilization has actually come up with people, who can hack into the websites and alter the correct information. This has caused mixed feelings about the internet being a reliable source of information. Viruses are also another source of altering the correct information, thus having a negative impact on the use of new media to hold political campaigns. Most voters are under thirty years of age, and are lovers of entertainment. Reaching out to them is, therefore, possible through utilization of the social-media such as the internet, where there is direct interaction. This encourages the emergence of heated debates on various political issues. This is of great help, as one has to have concrete information about the candidate they support. Every person has a democratic right to support any candidate. The media has enabled people to gain absolute information on the candidates and hence give reasons why they support one candidate over the other. The internet being an interactive media has enabled the voter’s interests to be adequately represented to the political candidate. This motivates many citizens to undertake the voting process with the hope that the government will address their needs. It has actually given citizens the power of expression towards politicians since they can communicate e ven in the streets as they walk to their destinations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on New Media and Political Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Social media has also made sending of donations to the political campaigners easier since the adequate contact information is readily available. It ensures transparency of the campaigner’s use of the citizens’ resources, thus holding them accountable. Citizens can actually view the budget breakdown and bring in their views on how best the donations should be used (Alia, 2010) Today, there are over four million mobile phones in use, which are exploited in the transfer of images. In the use of new media to reach citizens, there is an influence on how the nation will be operated by the politicians making legislation and policy. The traditional view of politicians was on the use of power to woo citizens, and then followed by a representation of th eir own personal desires to enrich themselves. New media will ensure that levels of corruption are brought down as well as misrepresentation in the government. This in turn will bring a subsequent growth in the national economy. Effective communication is significant in communication sector. With the spread of civilization, many communities that were viewed as timid have adopted the new media as their form of communication. The new fiber optic is a form of media that is wide spreading in many countries. In future, it will provide for internet connection at any place, thus increasing convenience for the transfer of information. The politicians will thus have a reliable form of communication to many citizens at a cost-efficient means. The use of traditional means of campaigning such as the use of pamphlets and magazines will be out-run by the faster and more efficient use of new media. New media decreases on costs and ensures that a large number of people are reached with information in time. Conclusion The use of new media by political candidates as a means to campaign has definitely risen in the 21st Century. It has brought in efficiency and promoted democracy. There is also the creation of better relationship between the candidates and the citizens, who freely express their interests, thus promising delivery. The new media is a fast growing means of communication and will grow to be the largest form of campaign worldwide. References Alia, V. (2010). The new media nation: indigenous peoples and global communication. New York: Berghahn Books.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Davis, A. (2010). Political communication and social theory. London: Routledge. Voltmer, K. (2006). Mass media and political communication in new democracies. London: Routledge. This essay on New Media and Political Communication was written and submitted by user Joy Hansen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Yellow Pages Scam Keeps on Taking

The Yellow Pages Scam Keeps on Taking While the so-called â€Å"yellow pages† scam comes and goes, a new group of Canada-based telemarketers is now attacking U.S. small businesses, nonprofits, churches and even local governments, according to complaints filed by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). How the Scam Works The â€Å"yellow pages† scam calls sound so innocent: Somebody calls your organization saying they simply need to confirm your contact information for a business directory. What could possibly go wrong? They never asked for money, right? Whether they mention money are not, you are soon sent an invoice demanding you pay hundreds of dollars for your new listing in an online â€Å"yellow pages† directory – not at all something you ever asked for or wanted. If you don’t pay, the scammers will often play you recordings – sometimes doctored – of the initial call to â€Å"prove† that you or your employees had approved the charges. If that doesn’t do the trick, the companies start calling you repeatedly to â€Å"remind† you of things like legal fees, interest charges and credit ratings. According to the FTC, the companies would go so far as posing as debt collection agencies, offering to stop the harassing calls in return for a fee. â€Å"In the face of threats,† said the FTC, â€Å"many people just paid.† FTC Files Charges In separate complaints, the FTC charged Montreal-based telemarketing firms; Online Local Yellow Pages; 7051620 Canada, Inc.; Your Yellow Pages, Inc.; and OnlineYellowPagesToday.com, Inc., with running â€Å"yellow pages† scams targeting businesses in the United States. How to Protect Your Business The FTC recommended four ways you can protect your business from the â€Å"yellow pages† scam: Train your staff:   Educate employees on how the scam works and how to recognize dangerous calls. Check the BBB: Always check the calling company’s reputation out for free on the Better Business Bureau’s website. Inspect your invoices: Consider implementing a purchase order review system to ensure you are only paying for services you requested. File a Complaint: If you suspect you have been contacted by a scammer or start getting bogus bills, file complaints with both the FTC at ftc.gov/complaint and with the BBB. â€Å"Businesses and other organizations should train their staff to hang up on cold calls about business directory services,† said Jessica Rich, Director of the FTC’s Bureau of Consumer Protection in a press release. â€Å"Report them to the FTC. We can pursue these cases even if the scammers hide in another country.†

the dozens - definition and examples of playing the dozens

the dozens - definition and examples of playing the dozens Definition: A game of put-downs: the rapid, ritualistic exchange of insults, often targeting family members. The rhetorical contest of playing or shooting the dozens (also known as capping, ranking, and sounding) is most commonly practiced by young Africans and Observations, below. African-American Vernacular EnglishBdelygmiaCursingFlytingHyperboleInvectiveName-CallingSignifying Examples and Observations: Your mamas so FAT, after she got off the carousel, the horse limped for a week.Mos rebuttal: Your mamas so skinny, she can hula-hoop through a Froot Loop.Your mamas so FAT, her blood type is Ragu.Mos rebuttal: Your mamas so skinny, she looks like a mic stand.Your mamas so FAT, instead of 501 jeans she wears 1002s.Mos rebuttal: Your mamas so skinny, she turned sideways and disappeared.Your mamas so FAT shes not on a diet shes on a triet. What yall eating? Ill try it.Mos rebuttal: Your mamas so skinny, I gave her a piece of popcorn and she went into a coma.Your mamas so FAT, when she jumped in the air she got stuck.Mos rebuttal: Your mamas so skinny, you could blindfold her with dental floss.(Monique Imes and Sherry A. McGee, Skinny Women Are Evil: Notes of a Big Girl in a Small-Minded World. Atriz, 2004) A Game of InsultsThe dozens is usually played by two young black males, often surrounded by an interested and encouraging audience of peers in which the players insult and provoke eac h other with put-downs of each others mother or other female family members. This process teaches one to take insults in stride while encouraging verbal retorts. . . . The dozens is played more often and more intensely in urban ghettos where frustrations are greater and the strategies of the ghetto are appropriate in a zero-sum game; neither player really wins. The dozens works when the players share a common ethnicity, a degree of connectedness, and acceptance of the activity for what it isa game (Bruhn and Murray, 1985).(John G. Bruhn, The Sociology of Community Connections. Kluwer Acacademic/Plenum, 2005) A Rite of PassageAlan Dundes found that the social and artistic are infused in the Afrodiasporic practice of the dozens, which he notes functions both as an assertion of masculinity and as a rite of passage for the secular mastery of words. The dozens not only establishes a framework for verbal creativity; children also use them to determine a social hierarchy. A good dozens player not only cooly withstands merciless insults to his family; he also twists memorized insults quickly to suit the opponent at hand.(Ali Colleen Neff, Let the World Listen Right: The Mississippi Delta Hip-Hop Story. University Press of Mississippi, 2009) An InoculationWhile retaining the form and spirit of the West African original, African-American dozens has elaborated the witty one-liners into complex verbal war games involving huge armories and modes of attack and defense undreamt of in the homeland. It is a case of Darwinian adaptation for survival of the species in the killing jungles of slavery and ra cism. The mother remains the central figure. By learning to deal with verbal abuse of her, the modern black youngster learns to endure the historical, real-life abuse. It is as if the system is inoculated with virtual (verbally imagined) strains of the virus, thereby gaining immunity and new health in spite of the reality on the ground.(Onwuchekwa Jemie, Yo Mama! New Raps, Toasts, Dozens, Jokes, and Childrens Rhymes From Urban Black America. Temple University Press, 2003) Also Known As: sounding, signifying, ranking, capping, hiking, snapping, playing the dozens

Benefits and shortcomings of getting this additional degree Speech or Presentation

Benefits and shortcomings of getting this additional degree - Speech or Presentation Example Tuition for one semester costs $685 (15 or more credit hours), or he can pay $55 per credit hour if he takes less than 15 credit hours. It will also cost him $5 per credit hour for Student Fees and there is a technology fee of $16 per semester. Jose will need to take 14 more 3 credit courses to complete a degree in electronic commerce. He figures that he will need to attend school for 3 more consecutive semesters (1 full year plus 5 months) to complete the electronic commerce degree. Textbooks will cost him $95 per class. a. Jose is planning on taking five courses during his first two semesters in the electronic commerce program, and four courses during the third semester. How much will it cost to get this second degree? b. Jose needs to determine how much money he will need to borrow if he works 15 hours a week at a local video store making $9.50 per hour (take-home = assume 4 weeks per month). He will be able to rent a room from a friend for $200 per month, who is also willing to share groceries and phone costs. Williams share of the food and phone expenses will be $130 per month. He estimates other expenses such as car insurance and clothes to come to about $300 per month. How much will he need to borrow to complete the second degree in 1 year and 5 months? 4. What do you think? Using the evidence from above, explain in a well-structured essay the benefits and shortcomings of getting this additional degree. Research the trends, salaries, and job availability of entry-level graphic design jobs in the electronic commerce industry. Be sure to consider both short-term and long-term

Asbestos at the Regional Airport in Virginia Essay - 1

Asbestos at the Regional Airport in Virginia - Essay Example Asbestos is the name given to a group of six different fibrous materials (Amosite, Chrysolite, Crocidolite, and the fibrous varieties of Tremolite, Actinolite and Anthophyllite) that occur naturally in the environment. The Chrysolite belongs to Serpentine family of minerals, while all of others belong to Amphibole family. All forms of Asbestos are hazardous, and all can cause cancer, but Amphibole forms of asbestos are considered to be more hazardous to health than Chrysolite. Asbestos mineral consists of thin separable fibers having parallel arrangement. Non fibrous forms of Termolite, Actinolite and Anthophyllite found naturally are not considered as fibrous minerals. Chrysolite Known as "White Asbestos" is the predominant commercial form of asbestos. These minerals do not dissolve in water or evaporate and are resistant to heat, fire, chemical and biological degradation. Because of these properties, it has been used in various manufactured products mostly building materials, frict ion products and heat resistant fabrics. Asbestos fiber neither evaporates into ai... It is neither mobile in the soil nor degraded by soil reaction except Chrysolite which solubilises to small extent in acidic environment. Most of the health hazard from Asbestos comes from breathing in suspended particles as the level of Asbestos in urban air is 10 times higher than the rural air. Effect of Asbestos on Human Health: The level of Asbestos in air depends on the extent of its use in insulation, ceiling or floor tiles, or other purposes like electrical insulation, etc. People working with asbestos like insulation workers and abatement workers are more likely to be exposed to the health hazards. The indirect effect of carried away asbestos particles by the workers to the households though dresses and hairs may affect other family members including children. Although it is not soluble in water but drinking water flowing through asbestos pipes containing suspended particles may concern health risk. Respiratory Effects: Deposition of asbestos fibers in the lung can lead to substantial nonneoplastic fibrotic injury and may even cause death. This disease known as pneumoconiosis termed asbestosis, results from a prolonged inflammatory response stimulated by the presence of the fibers in the lung. The magnitude of the risk of lung cancer is usually influenced by the level and duration of exposure, the age of exposure, smoking habit, and time elapsed since exposure and the type and size of the asbestos fibers. Another tissue that may be affected in humans exposed to asbestos in air is the pleura which forms plaques. There is also increased risk of lung cancer and mesothelioma wherein the cellular immune system in workers results in reduced

The Ocean Environment Essay examples -- Marine Environment Essays

Ocean Environment The sea is the most obvious feature of the earth's surface. Approximately seventy percent of this surface is covered by water, in one way or another. Beneath this water are the familiar sands of the beaches, bottoms of bays, and the inshore ocean. Farther offshore this water covers an amazing submarine topography of underwater canyons, trenches, mountains, and plains. Unlike the continents, which are physically separated from one another, the oceans are continuous and interconnected. Since the "world ocean is continuous"(M.J. Keen) it has similar characteristics throughout. In the early 1870s oceanographers collected seawater samples from all of the seas of the world at a variety of depths. When analyzed, the samples were found to have quite similar characteristics. These findings convinced many that a method of study was needed. The study of oceans was named oceanography. Density, salinity, and temperature are very important concepts in the study of oceanography. The salinity and temperature of the water influence its density, and the differences in density are the major factor in understanding the formation of currents and the positions of water masses in the sea. In addition, temperature and salinity play major roles in influencing the distribution of plants and animals. The sediments of the sea floor may be divided into lithogenous, hydrogenous, biogenous, and cosmogenous sediments. Lithogenous sediments are the major sediments on the ocean floor. They are derived from the chemical and mechanical weathering of rocks. Biogenous sediments are composed primarily of the protective outter covering of small marine animals and plants. If these remains comprise at least thirty percent of the sediment it is called an "ooze". "Oozes" were named for the types of organisms that formed them. Hydrogenous sediments form as a result of the chemical reactions that occur in the seawater. These reactions result in the formation of small particles, which are deposited on the sea floor. Currents move these particles and cause them to collide with the other particles. If many of these collisions occur they may form nodules. Nodules are found on some portions of the deep-sea floor. The sediment type frequently determines the type of organ... ...discarge of oil from ships, and the development of emergency response systems to oil pollution accidents have contributed to the decline of ship-based souces of oil pollution over the last two decades. The moratorium on dumping of radioactive waste at sea under the London Dumping Convention also represents another response to concerns about the risks posed by such diposal. Some regions have concluded agreement which ban dumping of any radioactive waste at sea. In the Mediterranean and Red Sea, all discharge of oily wasted from ships is also banned. The differences between terrestial regions are well known. Less well known are the features that distingush the Atlantic from the Pacific Ocean, or the coast of South America from those of Southern Africa. Regardless of this, the various regions of the world's oceans are all affected by human activity, with pollution and harvesting of resouces of resouces being common to all seas and oceans. The various marine resources, as well as the extent of human impacts on them, are examined region by region, illustrating hos stresses on the marine environmet treatened the very resistance of some habitats and species.

Organizational Communication: Process Essay

Introduction: Communicate with others is necessary and essential for everyone. Students  need to communicate with their classmates or their teachers and employees need to communicate with their boss and clients. Communication is everywhere in people’s daily life. However, there are many factors can affect how the communication goes. Communication formed from transfer information from one person to another.(Orlova, 2010) In this passage, the writer will give two real-life example of both successful and failure organizational communication cases then illustrate the reason why non-verbal communication , face to face communication and self-awareness contribute to the efficient communication and how these factors works. Last but not the least; the writer will explain how different organizational cultural values, lack of active listening and Computer-Mediated Communication boost the failure communication case. Successful Communication Example: This example is about a discussion group which formed with three people in my schoolwork, one Chinese, one Japanese and one Vietnamese. We were going to discuss a question about what cause to climate change. Since I do not know much things about the climate change. When Japanese was talking, I concentrated on what she said and have eye contact with her. If I looked like confusing, she would clarify what she just talked about and never mind to speak again. Both of Vietnamese girl and me had nodding our heads when we agree with her point of views. Sometimes we used some gestures and facial expression when we were discussing. What’s more, we had group meetings in school every day that we can finish our work together. At last, our tutor said we all done a great job. Factors that promote the organizational communication: â€Å"Non-verbal communication is usually understood as the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messages, language is not only source of communication, and there are other means also. Nonverbal communication can be communicated through gesture and touch, by body language or posture, by facial expressions and eye contact. â€Å"(Orlova, 2010).One of the reason of why Non-verbal communication promotes organizational communication is because it is trustworthy. As described in the example, when we were discussing, we had eye contact with others. Eyes don’t lie. If you have eye contact with someone who is talking, it proves  that you are paying attention of what he or she said and also shows your respect to that person. What’s more, the speaker can also recognize others whether understand what he or she is talking about. When I looked confused in the conversation, the Japanese girl will elucidate what she had just talk about in detail so as to make me know clearly about it. After this, I knew more things about climate change which encourage me to do more research about it rather than only listening about other’s opinions. This is really important when you are doing a group project. Another reason for why non-verbal communication is superior for organizational communication is that people can transmit a message naturally and even do not need to speak out to make others understand the meaning unconsciously. Firstly, body language helps us conducting the discussion. It will not make sense until you response to other’s talking. When we agree with others, we will show our understanding through nodding our heads or raising our thumbs. Secondly, we sat very close to each other when we were discussing, like friends more than group mates that help us to establish the relationship more friendly and warmer. Orlova(2010) emphasised the reason of why the use of spaces is mainly significant when people have interaction in groups is because where group members sit relative to one another have an effect on the flow of the conversation. Face-to-face communication contribute to the successfully communication as well. Rick et al. (2009) found that because face-to-face communication is produced in real time, speakers have direct feedback on how their message is being understood as it is being delivered. In our discussion group, our entire group members insist of having group meeting in campus everyday contributed to the success of the discussion most. Face-to-face communication is able to make sure that each of us merely focuses on our discussion in the particular time. Despite the fact that face to face communication not as convince as online chat. †Face-to-face communication is in fact much more than speaking and speech is greatly influenced both in substance and content by this essential form of communication.†(Marion, Jean-Luc & Gerard 2010) People can have a better interaction when having face to face communication. In our discussion group, when someone do not agree with other’s opinions we can discuss directly and asking questions.  Face-to-face communication can encourage people to continue the discussion as well. When someone can’t speak fluently, others will help him or her to keep on talking, for example, gives some door opener questions or paraphrase his or her arguments. Face-to-face encounters tend to go on longer than other forms of communication. However, when our group buddies have a face-to-face conversation, each of us has made an effort to the meeting. We have probably spent longer talking together in order to have a better discussion about our topic. Self-awareness also makes us do a better job on our group work. The more you know about yourself, the greater you will feel emotionally and the more adapt you will become at dealing with situations. Self-awareness is one’s own knowledge and assessment, including their mental aptitude, personality characteristics and psychological understanding of psychological processes and evaluation. If someone can realize what he or she good at and the weakness of themselves, they can do the job better. People evaluate themselves accurately which can help them to work more efficiently. One of the most important things in doing projects with others is contribution. It is impossible that you want others to finish your part of job either. Self-awareness can make you know clear about what you can do for this team. In our discussion group, I am the person who not good at collating information so that I was in charge for the researching part. I would give the information to the Vietnamese girl who is good at comprehensive analysis to collating information. This distribution of work can make our discussion group work more efficiently and everyone feel comfortable about this allocation. The failure organizational communication example: When I was doing the BEP course last year, a presentation group was formed with four people. People are all from different countries including one Iraqi, one Chileans, one Indian and me from China. However, when the Iraqi was talking about her thoughts about the presentation she did not allow others to add some views and she just keep talking on her own. After she finished her talking, she presently continued to busy about her own business  and totally annoying what other group members were talking. Though she is the woman who has many life experiences and she don’t care about what others thinking. In this situation, even we can meet at the classroom every day, our group buddies changed to use E-mail to connect with each other and did not have a formal discussion anymore. This was not like a team work. Not surprisingly, our presentation group got a very low mark due to the lacking of communication Factors that boost the failed organizational communication: Active listening is a complicated branch of learning which requires intense awareness and attention to both of verbally and nonverbally information that someone is transmitting. It calls for the listener to pour out themselves of personal concerns, distractions and preconceptions. (Mackay, 1994) Listening is the ability of how you receiving the message and make judgment about the words. When someone is listening, he or she may write notes with the purpose of make a long term remembering and paraphrase in his or her own words. What’s more, listening is also the ability of learning, people can learn from others when they are listening. Attentive listening not only means we pay all of our attention to receiving from others but also tell others what we interested in. Active listening is crucial in many areas, for instance, in the working environment, employee should listen to their colleague and students should take notes or paraphrase teacher’s speech during classes. Nevertheless, the writer thinks that acting listening is especially important for the team work. It can demonstrate your respect and only make other feel your presence but also making effort to the task. In our presentation group, the Iraqi only focused on what she was thinking and did not give some advices or reflection about others’ ideas. What’s more; she was doing her own business when others were talking and it seems that what we said have nothing to do with her. This kind of egocentrism is the barrier to listening which leads to the ineffective communication in our presentation group. Other group members would have prejudices and biases because the way of how she behaves. â€Å"Corporate culture defines the ‘feel’ of an organization-the strategies, managerial personalities, style, environment, traditions, ethics, and shared values and beliefs that contribute to its individuality. It can be broadly described as  authoritative, bureaucratic or entrep reneurial.†(Graham & Martin 2004) People come from different countries tend to have a different set of norms and different views to the same subject. Mott (2008) has argued that there are a lot of easily noticeable aspects of an organizational culture, such as their behaviour and life experience. At the same time, there are also other parts of organizational culture are more theoretical, like their beliefs, values, and assumptions .In our presentation groups, all of our group members come from different countries may have diverse culture values and assumptions. The Iraqi woman who thought herself had experience much more than each of us did not consider about others opinions or she thought only what she said was right and everyone should follow her. What’s more, the Chileans young boy stopped talk about the topic of our presentation after we were treated like that. And the Indian people and I just feel helpless in this situation. All of these things can be analysed as because we have different personalities and different style of communication with others. â€Å"The culture of an organization is important because it frequently affects its ability to get things done† (Graham & Martin 2004).Everyone in the presentation group contributed to the failure communication because it was hard for us to understand foreign countries’ terms, values and how foreigners performs in the certain situation. People do not have to right to judge other’s behaviour whether right or wrong. The living environment can affect someone’s values too. Computer-Mediated Communication leads to the failed organizational communication as well. Simpson (2002) claimed that â€Å"CMC is an umbrella term which refers to human communication via computers. Temporally, a distinction can be made between synchronous CMC, where interaction takes place in real time, and asynchronous CMC, where participants are not necessarily online simultaneously. â€Å"In spite of CMC bring us a lot of convince and freedom from time-space, CMC, it provide less time for our group mates to develop our relationship and have less chance to understand each other better. Besides, CMC does not involve people’s non-verbal behaviours and initial reaction. People can do multi task at the same time when they using CMC which may pay less attention on one task. In the example I stated above, the presentation group chose to communicate via CMC rather than face-to –face communication caused to the result that we are not able to communicate in a proper way. Using E-mail to connect with our  group buddies was inefficient because not each of us check mail box regularly. Sometimes we received the e-mail in the next day and would not response in time. As the presentation group which mixed four people from different countries, it was hard for each group members to communicate and understand others well.. Conclusion: To sum up, at the beginning of this passage, the writer talked about why the members of discussion group communicated with each other successfully .Firstly, non-verbal communication which contains a lot of eye contact, gesture and body movement make the conversation conduct efficiently. Secondly, the discussion group insists to have face to face communication everyday provide a positive impact on the organizational communication. Thirdly, self-awareness of each group member knows clear about what is the strength and weakness of them contributes to the successful communication as well. At the second part of this paper, the writer explained how organizational cultural values effect the conversation. If group members lacking of active listening can cause to the termination of the conversation had been discussed in this part. Next, the writer had illustrated the difference organizational culture values between group members would have a negative impact on the communication. Last but not the least, Computer-Mediated Communication which lack of non-verbal communication, instant feedback and initial reaction also boost the failure communication case. How to communicate with others is a course for everyone. Having a better communication with others brings lots of advantages in both study area and daily life. Because successful communication can help you to have a better relationship with others and sometimes it can avoid conflict as well. Learning to listen to others and accept others opinions is the basic skills for the successful communication. However, communication is not only consisting of literalness but also non-verbal communication. If you learn how to communicate with others, you take the first step to success. References Marion Dohen, Jean-Luc Schwartz, Gerard Bailly 2010 ‘Speech and face-to-face communication – An introduction’ Speech Communication, Volume 52, Issue 6, pp. 477 – 480 Mackay H.1994, The good listener. Better relationships through better communication.(Previously published as Why don’t people listen)Sydney: Pan Macmillan Martin Graham 2004,‘Cultural Values’ Motor Transport, 07/2004, p. 12 Mott Linn 2008, ‘Organizational culture: an important factor to consider’ The Bottom Line: Managing Library Finances, Volume 21, Issue 3, pp. 88 – 93 Orlova M. Ð 2010, ‘The role of interaction of verbal and non-verbal means of communication in different types of discourse’ Sociosfera, Volume 4, pp. 58 – 66 Rick van der Kleij, Jan Maarten Schraagen, Peter Werkhoven and Carsten K. W. De Dreu2009, ‘How Conversations Change Over Time in Face-to-Face and Video-Mediated Communication’ Small Group Research, Volume 40,Issue 4,pp.355-381 Simpson, James, 2002’Computer-Mediated Communic ation’ ELT Journal, Volume 56, Issue 4, pp. 414 – 15

The Ability to Process Spices A Major Factor in...

The ability to process spices was a major factor in demonstrating social prestige. They were not clearly seen as items of prestige such as, clothes or horses but they were of importance and showed noble status. As spices was seen as a key to demonstrating and preserving one’s social prestige. (Add the year spices were in demand? Middle ages to 18th century) Spices were costly, and it created a social rift between classes. The earl of Oxford in 1431-1432 had described a whole pig could have been purchased for the price of one pound of pepper. Pepper was seen as the cheapest of the spices, as a pound of it was five sous, saffron was 80 sous and camphor was 176 sous per pound. This created a social difference among classes, as the rich could afford the higher end spices and the common could only afford the lower end spiced. Depending on which spices you owned, it symbolized what social order you were in. Eustache Deschamps, a French traveler and diplomat, once wrote pepper was for the unsophisticated and it was on the same level as vegetables. Vegetables were only included in 3.3 percent of meals from cookbooks obtained, and is for the lower class as the upper class ate mostly protein. To see the distinct separation of the social classes, the ability to purchase spices based on wages is looked at. On average, craftsmen would make ei ght pence for his work for the day. For them to afford a pound of pepper, it would cost them about 16 pence or two days of work. For aShow MoreRelatedMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesresearch Process of marketing research Tools and Techniques of marketing research Applications of marketing research Preparation of marketing research report Online marketing E-commerce Trends in marketing Page No. Marketing management – an introduction Unit structure: 1. Introduction 2. Learning Objectives 3. Marketing Management 3.1. Evolution of marketing management 3.2. The Role of Marketing 3.3. Marketing concepts 3.4. The Marketing Mix (The 4 P s Of Marketing) 3.5. Corporate Social ResponsibilityRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesManagement Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ Sociology 14 †¢ Anthropology 14 There Are Few Absolutes in OB 14 Challenges and Opportunities for OB 15 Responding to Economic Pressures 15 †¢ Responding to Globalization 16 †¢ Managing Workforce Diversity 18 †¢ Improving Customer ServiceRead MoreSociology and Group41984 Words   |  168 Pages666 d. 900 e. 966 Answer: e. 966 . What is the ideal group size for a problem-solving discussion? a. 3–5 people b. 4–6 people c. 5–7 people d. 6–9 people e. 8–12 people Answer: c. 5–7 people . According to your textbook, the most important factor separating successful groups from unsuccessful ones is a. having a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 12 members in a group. b. a clear goal. c. strong leadership. d. member independence and interdependence. e. group morale. Answer: b. a clearRead MoreNotes18856 Words   |  76 Pagescolonization  ­ on them to be perhaps the most important factor in  ­ nderstanding the u p  ­ resent condition of the African continent and of the  ­ frican people. A Therefore, a close scrutiny of the phenomenon of  ­ olonialism is necessary c to appreciate the degree to which it influenced not only the economic and political development of Africa but also the African people’s perception of themselves. This chapter focuses on the major European colonial powers in Africa. It will begin by comparingRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages105 SKILL ASSESSMENT 106 Diagnostic Surveys for Managing Stress 106 Stress Management Assessment 106 Time Management Assessment 107 Type A Personality Inventory 108 Social Readjustment Rating Scale 109 Sources of Personal Stress 111 SKILL LEARNING 112 Improving the Management of Stress and Time 112 The Role of Management 113 Major Elements of Stress 113 Reactions to Stress 114 Coping with Stress 115 Managing Stress 117 Stressors 117 Eliminating Stressors 120 Eliminating Time Stressors Through TimeRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesfor Business Growth in a Demanding Economy 1 1 Text Jones−George †¢ Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition I. Management 17 17 2. The Evolution of Management Thought Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy †¢ Leadership, Fifth Edition I. Leadership is a Process, Not a Position 51 51 70 1. Leadership is Everyone’s Business 2. Interaction between the Leader, the Followers the Situation Cohen †¢ Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition 11. Leadership: Exerting Influence and Power 94 94